Womens Health
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Ovarian Cysts Treatment


Ovarian Cysts Treatment

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 cyst is the accumulation of fluid inside or adjacent to an ovary.  Most ovarian cysts are functional, which means they disappear without treatment. These originate because during the menstrual cycle, the growth of the dominant follicle occurs which, at the moment of ovulation, breaks down to release the ovule. In certain cases, the follicle may not rupture with the consequent retention of follicular fluid that will result in the formation of an ovarian cyst. In the following menstrual cycles, these cysts will disappear. ovarian cyst treatment

In most cases, the cysts do not produce any type of symptoms. Sometimes they can cause pain in the lower abdomen menstrual irregularities, or pain with intercourse in case the cyst is large-sized.

Diagnosis

Most of the time it is diagnosed in a routine gynecological examination by means of an ultrasound.

On other occasions, the ovarian cyst is discovered during abdominal surgery that is performed for some other reason.

Depending on the nature of the cyst, your doctor may request a complementary test such as a blood test (to determine tumor markers or hormonal analysis) or Doppler ultrasound (this is similar to the one performed routinely, with the difference that you can better see the vessels blood cells that reach the cyst). ovarian cyst treatment ovarian cyst treatment

Treatment

Functional cysts do not merit any type of treatment because they usually disappear on their own in the following cycles. Your doctor will probably perform a new ultrasound in the next 3-6 months to see if it has disappeared. Treatment with contraceptive pills will not make the cyst disappear but helps to prevent the appearance of new cysts.

In the event that your cyst does not disappear, controls will be carried out (between 6-12 months) to assess its growth. If it remains stable and its characteristics are benign and do not produce any symptoms, no treatment is necessary, given that the simple benign cysts and their risk of malignization are very low.

If there was rapid growth or if it was not a cyst of benign characteristics, the treatment of choice is surgery.

At Harley Street Hospital, we have the best doctors to treat ovarian cysts. Book an appointment to get a specialist´s opinion.

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, ovarian cysts can often be managed without surgery through watchful waiting, pain management, and hormonal birth control pills to prevent new cysts from forming. However, large, persistent, or complex cysts may require surgical intervention.

Most ovarian cysts are benign and resolve on their own without complications. However, large cysts or those causing symptoms such as pelvic pain or irregular menstruation may require medical attention. In rare cases, cysts can rupture or twist, leading to severe pain or complications requiring surgery.

Ovarian cysts may necessitate removal if causing symptoms or complications. Consultation with a healthcare provider is crucial for personalised guidance.

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Hysterectomy – Removal of the Uterus


Hysterectomy – Removal of the Uterus

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ysterectomy is the second most frequent type of major surgery performed in women and the third among all surgical procedures.

Three types of hysterectomies are currently used:

  • vaginal hysterectomy
  • abdominal hysterectomy
  • minimally invasive hysterectomy

The decision on which technique to use depends on many factors, among which can be mentioned the experience of the surgeon, the presence or not of adnexal or pelvic disease, the size of the uterus, previous surgeries of lower hemiabdomen, parity, among others.

Vaginal hysterectomy has its main indication in uterine prolapse, although there are experts who have extended these indications to other benign conditions of the uterus without prolapse. Its main disadvantage is that it does not allow the treatment of adnexal (related to ovaries and ovarian tubes) conditions. Still, it is considered the least invasive of all the mentioned options.

Abdominal hysterectomy is used for the treatment of both benign and malignant diseases of the uterus, allows adnexal surgery, and is very useful in the case of associated pelvic diseases such as endometriosis or adhesions. However, it is an invasive, bleeding, very painful surgery in the postoperative period and with a long recovery period, which limits the patient to returning to normal activities and work.

In a minimally invasive hysterectomy, at least part of the procedure is performed laparoscopically. This method requires more surgical experience and training than vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy.

Although its acceptance has been slow, the proportion of minimally invasive hysterectomies has been gradually increasing within the surgical community, due to its undeniable advantages: little blood loss, the possibility of treating an adnexal condition and associated pelvic diseases, minimal invasiveness, poor postoperative pain, decreased hospital stay and rapid recovery of the patient to their usual activities.

At Harley Street Hospital, we have the best surgeons to assess whether you require a hysterectomy. Book a consultation to get a specialist´s opinion on your case.

Frequently Asked Questions

A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the uterus, often performed to treat conditions such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, or certain cancers. Depending on the specific case, other reproductive organs such as the ovaries and fallopian tubes may also be removed.

Yes, hysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures for women in the United States. It is often considered when conservative treatments for gynaecological conditions have failed to provide relief or when the condition poses significant health risks.

While hysterectomy is generally safe, it carries risks such as bleeding, infection, damage to surrounding organs, and adverse reactions to anaesthesia. Depending on whether the ovaries are removed, women may experience menopausal symptoms or hormonal changes. It’s crucial to discuss potential risks and benefits with a healthcare provider before undergoing the procedure.

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Retinal Tear or Detachment


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Retinal Tear or Detachment

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he detachment of the retina is a separation of the retina by sub-retinal fluid from the ocular wall to which it is normally stuck (choroid). The detachment of the rhegmatogenous retina is the most frequent and occurs associated with a retinal tear, which allows the liquefied vitreous (the vitreous humor that has degenerated due to the passage of time) to pass to the sub-retinal space. There are also other less frequent types such as the detachment of the tractional retina and the detachment of the exudative retina.

For a retinal detachment to appear, two requirements are usually needed: the existence of a liquefied vitreous (degenerated) and a retinal tear.

Symptoms

The main symptoms that may indicate the presence of retinal detachment are:

  • Luminous flashes and flying flies: In 60% of cases, premonitory symptoms may appear, such as light flashes (photopsies) and flying flies (myodesopsias).
  • Defect in the visual field: After a period of time a visual field defect appears, the patient usually describes it as a black curtain.
  • Loss of central vision: It appears when the macula is affected.

Therefore, retinal detachment only occurs with visual symptoms, without pain or discomfort.

The detachment of the retina is diagnosed by checking the fundus after dilatation of the pupil, usually using an instrument called an ophthalmoscope.

Treatment
Therefore, at first, if the retina is only torn and the detachment has not yet occurred, the ophthalmologist can opt for a preventive treatment by applying a laser in the office (photocoagulation) or a cold treatment (cryotherapy). Once the retina has detached, the only possible treatment is the application of some surgical techniques.

The surgery of the detachment of the retina must be as early as possible to improve the success rate and the final visual result. The patient will be recommended postural rest in order to avoid or minimize the progression of detachment, facilitating the surgical act. The main objective will be to close the retinal tears.

At Harley Street Hospital, we have the best doctors to diagnose and treat retinal tear or detachment. Book an appointment to get a specialist´s opinion.

Frequently Asked Questions

Symptoms of a retinal tear or detachment may include sudden onset of floaters, flashes of light, or a shadow or curtain-like obstruction in your peripheral vision. Prompt evaluation by an eye care professional is crucial if you experience any of these symptoms.

Retinal tears typically do not heal on their own and may require medical intervention to prevent further complications such as retinal detachment.

A tear is a partial separation of the retina from the back of the eye, whereas a detachment is a complete separation, both requiring prompt medical attention to prevent vision loss.

Womens Health
Womens HealthbyTHS Hospital

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Treatment


Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Treatment

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n most cases, HPV infections are not serious, are asymptomatic, transient, and disappear without treatment. However, in some people, HPV infections cause the appearance of genital warts, Pap test abnormalities, or, rarely, cervical cancer.

The Pap test is useful for the early detection of cervical cancer, one of the possible results of an HPV infection. Early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions can prevent the development of cervical cancer.

Treatment Schemes

There are a variety of options available for treatment of visible genital warts. There is no definitive evidence to suggest that some treatment is better than others. The factors that may influence the selection of the treatment include the patient’s preference, the available resources, the experience of the health professional, the size, the quantity, the anatomical site and morphology of the wart, and the cost, convenience, and adverse effects of the treatment.

The most common way to reduce infection by a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is the treatment. However, there is no effective systemic treatment for genital HPV, and treatment for subclinical genital HPV infection (diagnosed by colposcopy, biopsy, or acetic acid application) is not recommended in the absence of squamous intraepithelial lesions.

Treatment for genital HPV can be applied to lesions, such as genital warts or precursors of cervical cancer (by treatments such as cryotherapy, electrocautery, or surgical excision).

Sometimes, genital warts can disappear on their own and may not change or increase in size and quantity.

The effect of treatment on future transmissions of an HPV infection is not known. The main objective in treating visible genital warts is their elimination, for cosmetic reasons.

At Harley Street Hospital, we have the best doctors to treat HPV. Book a consultation to get a specialist´s opinion.

Frequently Asked Questions

The treatment for papillomas depends on their location and size but may include surgical removal, cryotherapy (freezing), or medications to address symptoms.

Yes, most individuals with HPV lead normal lives as the body often clears the virus on its own. However, regular screenings and safe sexual practices are important for managing risks associated with HPV-related conditions.

Yes, the immune system can clear HPV infections at any age, but it is less likely as individuals get older, and persistent infections may increase the risk of HPV-related health problems. Regular screening and vaccination are crucial for prevention and early detection.

Eye Health
Eye HealthbyTHS Hospital

Ptosis


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Ptosis

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tosis is defined as the situation in which the upper eyelid descends with respect to the normal position or with respect to that of the other eye. In the forward gaze, the upper eyelid covers the cornea 2 mm under normal conditions.

This situation can produce partial or total occlusion of the pupillary area, with the visual deficit that this entails.

The causes are multiple and diverse, from which it follows that there are multiple classifications. Any pathology that affects the neuromuscular complex of the eyelid suspensor apparatus, such as:

-Neurogenic causes: Oculomotor nerve palsy, Horner syndrome, synkinesis, ophthalmoplegic migraine…
-Myogenic causes: Congenital (simple congenital ptosis, or associated with other morphological and functional palpebral alterations) and acquired (myasthenia gravis, myotonic dystrophy, ocular myopathy, oropharyngeal muscular dystrophy …)
-Alterations of the aponeurosis: Involutive linked to age, postoperative, post-traumatic, post-inflammatory, pregnancy …
-Mechanical: By weight on the eyelid (dermatochalasis, blepharochalasis, tumors), restrictive (symblepharon).

Diagnosis
The diagnosis is made by valuing data from the clinical history as the time of onset, mode of presentation, accompanying signs and symptoms, in order to identify the cause and thereby approach the treatment.

Subsequently, the data that should always be quantified is the function of the muscle responsible for the voluntary lifting of the eyelid (levator palpebrae superioris muscle). Depending if the function is good, deficient or bad, a surgical or another approach will be considered.

Prognosis
It depends fundamentally on the cause that originates the palpebral malposition, as well as the type of surgery required. The most limiting fact of surgery is the danger of generating a lagophthalmos (inability to close the eyelids completely) due to hypercorrection; thus, many times the majority of cases recover without sequelae, when the cause is congenital (present from birth) several surgeries may be necessary throughout the period of the patient’s growth.

Treatment
When the loss of function of the levator muscle is mild-moderate, a partial resection (shortening) of the muscle is practiced. But if the loss of function is serious, so that the muscle has a little function, the surgery consists of creating eyelid suspension elements, ineffective muscle substitutes (with muscle flaps, grafts of autologous material such as fascia lata or heterologous as bovine pericardium).

Each eyelid receives a personalized treatment according to the cause and the degree of affectation.

It is recommended that in the presence of ptosis, immediately attend a specialised center such as Harley Street Hospital, for the early detection and appropriate treatment of the pathology.

Frequently Asked Questions

Ptosis refers to drooping of the upper eyelid, which can occur due to weakness or dysfunction of the muscles responsible for lifting the eyelid. It can affect one or both eyes and may vary in severity, potentially obstructing vision if severe.

Ptosis can result from various factors, including congenital conditions, aging, injury, neurological disorders, or certain medical conditions like myasthenia gravis. In some cases, it may be idiopathic, meaning the cause is unknown.

Treatment for ptosis depends on the underlying cause and severity. Options include eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty) to tighten the muscles or lift the eyelid, use of special eyeglasses with elevated frames, or treatment of any underlying medical conditions contributing to the drooping eyelid. Consulting with an ophthalmologist or oculoplastic surgeon is recommended for proper evaluation and management.

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